Primary and Secondary Succession - 76° 8'54.45"N 63°46'56.54"E

Primary Succession in the tundra would probably begin after a glacier has retreated.

In primary succession pioneer species like mosses, lichen, algae and fungus as well as other abiotic factors like wind and water start to "normalize" the habitat.

Secondary Succession in the tundra would begin after a tundra fire.  Tundra fires are rare because they must reach a certain threshold before spreading. The sparse vegetation makes it difficult for fires to take hold.

Tundra fire in Alaska, July 2009. Lightening sparks fire.

Location: Island north of Russia, Arctic Tundra